MAHKOTA DEWA

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Scientific name: Phaleria macrocarpa

Facts: 

• Height ranges are from 1m to 8m with 1 m long straight root exuding sap, brownish-green bark and white wood. 



• Leaves are green and tapering with length and width ranging from 7cm to 10cm and 3-5cm respectively.



• Flowers make a compound of 2-4 with colour from green to maroon.



• The pit is round, white and poisonous and fruit is of eclipse shape with a diameter of 3cm.



• Fruits are green when un-ripened and become red on ripening. Fruit flesh is white, fibrous, and watery.



• Seeds exist as 1-2 seeds per fruit and are brown, ovoid and anatropous. 



PHARMACOLOGICAL AND MEDICINAL USES


1. Anti-cancer
Leaves and fruits are being synergistic effect in reducing tumour growth in breast cells by inducing apoptosis but also protective effect on liver and kidney damage. Its stem is used to treat bone cancer. The eggshells of seeds are used in treating breast cancer, cervix cancer, lung diseases, liver and heart diseases while leaves contain constituents that treat impotence, blood diseases, allergies, diabetes mellitus and tumours.


2. Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal
Flavanoids, saponins, polyphenols and tannins present in the fruit highly inhibit gram-positive bacteria as compared to gram-negative bacteria due to the outer permeability barrier in gram-negative bacteria. These bacteria include Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Staphylococcus aureus. It exhibits its antimicrobial activity by different mechanisms as inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis, energy metabolism or cytoplasmic membrane function.

 3. Anti-hyperglycemic
Extract from its fruit has been found to lower the postprandial hyperglycemia. The highest activity is being shown by n-butanol extract of young and ripened fruits followed bt ethyl acetate extract and then methanol extract. 


4. Vasorelaxant 
Leaves and fruit have been used to counter a number of diseases, including vascular problems and high blood pressure. Dried flesh fruit powder and eggshells of seeds have been empirically considered potent cure of hypertension and heart diseases. Epidemiological studies have shown that its two major constituents have an effect on cardiovascular system, the kaempferol, a flavonoid that reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases and acaricide, that is a moderate vasorelaxant reducing hypertension. 


APPLICATIONS


• Mahkota Dewa is poisonous and cannot be consumed raw. 


• It is best suited for cooked applications such as boiling or shredded and dried for use in teas and coffees. 



• Most popular methods of preparation are to slice the pulp, sundry, and add to boiling water. Once the fruit is cooked, strain the pulp from the mixture and consume the hot water as a drink. 



• Can also be used dried in a tea form and mixed into coffee sachets. 



• Last for a couple of days fresh when stored in a cool and dry place or the refrigerator if available its dried pieces will last for months in a sealed container. 


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